Testimonies – German & Soviet Invasion

Everyone believed that there, in the eastern territories, the German army would be stopped. On the 17th, the Soviets invaded Tarnopol. The Soviet Worker’s Army. And I remember two things …

And returning to how our journey began … my mother’s family lived in the West. At the onset of war, they were all escaping from the Germans. So my mother’s …

Two classes of grade school. I was 8 years old when the war began. As for the tragedy of war, as a child one really doesn’t realize what is happening. …

Interwar Poland did not distinguish between who came from what army. Father was an invalid, so he went before the commission and received a war invalid’s status, and got a …

Father was a policeman. As a young man, he had been part of the Polish Military organization “PAW” and was in the reserves when the war broke out. He was …

Father was a policeman. As a young man, he had been part of the Polish Military organization “PAW” and was in the reserves when the war broke out. He was …

Father was a policeman. As a young man, he had been part of the Polish Military organization “PAW” and was in the reserves when the war broke out. He was …

Father was a policeman. As a young man, he had been part of the Polish Military organization “PAW” and was in the reserves when the war broke out. He was …

Father was a policeman. As a young man, he had been part of the Polish Military organization “PAW” and was in the reserves when the war broke out. He was …

Father was a ‘starsze choraze’ The hierarchy was the Major, the Porucznik, then my Father. I was in the third grade when the Russians and the Lithuanians came. Then the …

This fragment was taken from an interview conducted by Joanna Dudzic of Manchester UK. In this clip, Józef gives a summary of his life, before, during and after the war.